☆ 科學的唯一要求,就是對真理謙卑。
The scientist rigorously defends his right to be
ignorant of almost everything except his specialty.
( Marshall McLuhan )
☆ 思考可以成為人類最實用的利器。
從我們對科學的探討之中,
我們發現科學思維其實和日常生活的思考沒有多大分別。
科學帶給我們的啟示是,
如果能夠找到一個方法團結喜歡思考的人的力量,
互相激勵,互相監督,將日常生活的思考去蕪存菁,
並且通過訓練,學習如何擇善固執,
思考就能夠成為人類最實用的利器。
The whole of science is nothing more than
a refinement of everyday thinking.
( Albert Einstein )
All genuine scientific procedures of thought and argument
are essentially the same as those of everyday life, and
their apparent formality and supposed rigour is a result
of specialization and formalized group interactions among
scientists.
( John M. Ziman )
科學知識還算容易傳授,
科學精神及科學思維的傳授就比較困難,
似乎用哲學辯論來傳授科學精神及科學思維是一個好的方法。
☆ 經過鍛煉的思考,只能夠是小圈子的活動。
There is nothing more odious than the majority.
It consists of a few powerful men who lead the way;
of accommodating rascals and submissive weaklings;
and of a mass of men who trot after them
without in the least knowing their own minds.
( Goethe )
Modern Western civilization is the result of
endowing with the fruits of a dozen men of genius
a population which is emotionally at the level of
savages and culturally at the level of schoolboys.
( Cyril Joad )
☆ 理論和行動最好能夠互相配合。
一般社會上思考欠清晰的人,
往往喜歡把理論和行動劃分為兩個對立的概念!
而且擁護行動的人往往佔大多數,因為他們誤以為理論不切實際。
科學給予我們一個重要的啟示,
就是理論和行動 (實驗) 永遠是在熱烈地對話,
互相協助、互相增益;
理論永遠不會歧視行動,行動也永遠不會歧視理論,
理論和行動有一個共同的目標,就是追求真理。
一般社會上頭腦欠清晰的人,
往往喜歡把理論和行動劃分為兩個對立的概念!
Art is I; science is we.
( Claude Bernard )
具備科學精神的人就會進行「有計劃的行動」,
並且在行動之中不斷修訂原先的假設或揣測;
再根據修正了的假設或揣測,進行新一步的行動,
就好像 MasterMind 這個遊戲的過程一樣。
The Baloney Detection Kit:
Carl Sagan’s Rules for Bullshit-Busting and Critical Thinking
The Baloney Detection Kit: Carl Sagan’s Rules for Bullshit-Busting and Critical Thinking
Decoding The Universe The Great Math Mystery
Documentary 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_RKFCvQJqI