△ 第五類:懂得利用人的聰明人
當有些地方還有乾淨的溪水可以栽種新樹苗時,
管理階層依然需要以前種下、如今收成的樹木和樹人。
在這些地方,如何利用樹木和樹人就成為了一種學問。
且看前美國總統如何說:
I not only use all the brains that I have,
but all I can borrow.
( Woodrow Wilson )
換言之,一個領袖
1. 需要有判斷真正人才和將人才分類的能力,
才能夠將適合的人放在適當的位置。
2. 需要具備某些性格特質,能夠獲得樹木和樹人的信任,
願意替他效力。
3. 如果只為自己的國家打算,就要向全世界「奪腦」
brain drain ,將人才收為己用。
而要留下這些人才所需要的條件,
就是優越的生活環境及比較理性的社會制度。
以上這些,全部都和一個國家的「軟實力」有關!
「軟實力」不足的國家只能夠乞求先進國家替自己訓練人才,
而且還需要擔憂訓練出來的人才被人奪去!
另一位前美國國防部長就指出了他用人的方法:
You will launch many projects, but have time
to finish only a few. So think, plan, develop,
launch and tap good people to be responsible.
Give them authority and hold them accountable.
Trying to do too much yourself creates
a bottleneck.
( Donald Rumsfeld )
換言之,一個領袖用對了人之後,就要懂得下放權力。
懂得利用人的聰明人,
可以稱為「聰明膚士」knowing fools!
但他們既然這樣聰明,為何還叫他們做「膚士」呢?
正如前述,智慧必然和愛手牽手,
但不少「聰明膚士」都欠缺愛,甚至鄙視愛,
認為愛和智慧都不切實際,反而聰明才是正途。
不少「聰明膚士」說話溫良,道貌岸然,
內心的邪惡或者對別人生命的淡漠,在行動中表露無遺!
歷史上不少欠缺愛的「聰明膚士」,往往會
1. 利用制度暴力,殺人不見血。
2. 愛自己的孩子,但去殺別人的孩子。
3. 遙控愚蠢及貪財的人去動手殺人。
4. 替愚蠢的人洗腦後派遣他們去殺人。
Foolishness is the absence of wisdom.
Smart people can be foolish and, are
at times especially susceptible to foolishness.
( Robert J. Sternberg )
Wisdom is the right use of knowledge.
To know is not to be wise.
Many men know a great deal,
and are all the greater fools for it.
There is no fool so great a fool as
a knowing fool. But to know how to
use knowledge is to have wisdom.
( Charles H. Spurgeon )
One can fight evil but against stupidity
one is helpless… I have accepted the fact,
hard as it may be, that human beings are
inclined to behave in ways that would make
animals blush. The ironic, the tragic thing
is that we often behave in ignoble fashion
from what we consider the highest motives.
The animal makes no excuse for killing his prey;
the human animal, on the other hand, can invoke
God’s blessing when massacring his fellow men.
He forgets that God is not on his side
but at his side.
( Henry Miller )
冷血的聰明人,或者出賣了良知的聰明人,
只有理性計算,只會衡量個人或集團的利益得失,
完全放下對整體人類的關懷及責任。
他們有一句著名的藉口,
就是他們在必要時敢用不道德的手段,
達成崇高的理想和原則。
Does the end justify the means?
That is possible.
But what will justify the end?
To that question,
which historical thought leaves pending,
rebellion replies: the means.
( Albert Camus, The Rebel, 1951 )
I can imagine no man who will look with
more horror on the End than a conscientious
revolutionary who has, in a sense sincerely,
been justifying cruelties and injustices inflicted
on millions of his contemporaries by the benefits
which he hopes to confer on future generations:
generations who, as one terrible moment now
reveals to him, were never going to exist.
Then he will see the massacres, the faked trials,
the deportations, to be all ineffaceably real,
an essential part, his part, in the drama
that has just ended: while the future Utopia
had never been anything but a fantasy.
( C. S. Lewis, The World’s Last Night, 1952 )
這種理性和感情的分裂,當然並不理智,
但雙手異常乾淨、內心邋遢卻理直氣壯的「聰明膚士」,
不一定會產生精神方面或者人際關係的問題。
只有那些還有殘餘良知的「聰明膚士」,
才會出現精神病徵。
「聰明膚士」當然重視面子,
然而又要利益,又要聲譽,又要做壞事,
只有很天真很傻,或者自以為有權力指鹿為馬的人,
才會相信魚與熊掌可以兼得。
[精英和好人的概念]
精英和好人都可能成為我們的偶像,
甚至成為社會上大部份人的榜樣,
所以如何定義精英和好人是一個重大的課題。
Nothing is so contagious as example;
and we never do any great good or evil
which does not produce its like.
( Francois de La Rochefoucauld )
「聰明膚士」是精英嗎?是好人嗎?
精神文明落後的社會一向認為聰明人就是精英,
認為道貌岸然的聰明人就是好人。
這種理性不足的意識形態對整個社會影響深遠,
因為思考力不足的人,
永遠不會明白「成功」和「成就」的分別,
永遠不會明白「愚昧的尊敬」如何影響到世道人心!
思考力不足的人,一般討厭清晰的定義,
所以當我們避開定義甚麼是 good people,
甚麼是 the good in people 時,
下面這個句子看看起來就金光閃閃,好像充滿了智慧:
Good people bring out the good in people.
「聰明膚士」最受落這句金句,
因為一旦提攜後進一起做似好實壞或者三好七壞的事,
自己就立即成為了 good people 的一份子,
如果後進之中出現了一位再世希特勒,
自然令自己面上增添光彩,挺直腰桿走路。
喜歡拍馬屁的人更加奉之為座右銘,曲線讚美別人:
You bring out the good in me !
I don’t know how to express my gratitude.
重視思考的人一定追求卓越,
從來都不會喜歡曖昧或者半真半假的道理,
思考金句時一定會注意它的應用範疇,
從來都不會認為只要自己立心善良,就可以胡說八道,
並且指責對方立心不良,故意曲解自己的意思。
筆者慶幸一生人之中能夠遇過不少這些頑固、
自我感覺良好的精英和好人,
他們都認為自己是「知識份子」和「勵志工作者」。
從他們的身上,筆者學習到高層次的「語言偽術」,
筆者發現這個世界原來有一些人,
真的可以擁抱「放棄智慧,將真和誠貶值的愛」,
他們都是筆者人生道路上的貴人。
他們讓我們明白到一旦我們磨利了思考的利器,
世界四周都是學問,
都是幫助我們在思考路途上成長的貴人。
One thing seems more and more evident to me
now──people’s basic character does not change
over the years…Far from improving them,
success usually accentuates their faults or
short-comings. The brilliant guys at school often
turn out to be not so brilliant once they are out
in the world. If you disliked or despised certain
lads in your class you will dislike them even
more when they become financiers, statesmen
or five star generals. Life forces us to learn
a few lessons, but not necessarily to grow.
( Henry Miller )
年過五十而還未能夠學習到甚麼是「真正的謙虛」,
甚麼是「在真理面前謙卑」的人,
有智慧的人不會浪費時間和唇舌去提出意見,
但會修訂這句金句如下:
Best people bring out the best
in some good people,
bring admiration from some good people,
and bring hatred from other good people.
其中當然利用了 good people 的曖昧用法。
一個人要「保守他的心」,真的是這麼容易嗎?
將真理置之面子之上的人,或者拒絕批判的人,
有可能「保守他的心」嗎?
任何拒絕批判的人,
其實就是提早宣布自己已經不再是人,
只能夠視為一部沒有心靈的生物機械人!